| |
Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1846 | - 16 Jun 1846—7 Feb 1878: Pope Pius IX
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti, born 13 May 1792 in Senigallia, then a Papal State.
|
| 2 | 1852 | - 12 Feb 1852—9 Apr 1870: Napoleon III
Nephew of Napoleon I; elected as President of the French Republic in 1848, made himself Emperor of the French after a coup d'état. Captured by the German army on September 2, 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the Third Republic.[103]
|
| 3 | 1853 | - 4 Mar 1853—4 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce, US President
(1804–1869)
|
| 4 | 1857 | - 4 Mar 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan, US President
(1791–1868)
|
| 5 | 1861 | - 4 Mar 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln, US President
(1809–1865)
|
| 6 | 1865 | - 15 Apr 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson, US President
(1808–1875)
|
| 7 | 1869 | - 4 Mar 1869—4 Mar 1877: Ulysses S. Grant, US President
(1822–1885)
|
| 8 | 1877 | - 4 Mar 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes, US President
(1822–1893)
|
| 9 | 1878 | - 20 Feb 1878—20 Jul 1903: Pope Leo XIII
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, born 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, then part of the French Empire
|
| 10 | 1881 | - 4 Mar 1881—19 Sep 1881: James A. Garfield, US President
(1831–1881)
- 19 Sep 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur, US President
(1829–1886)
|
| 11 | 1885 | - 1885—1885: 1885 Montreal smallpox epidemic
Over 3,000 deaths reported
- 4 Mar 1885—4 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland, US President
(1837–1908)
|
