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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1846 | - 16 Jun 1846—7 Feb 1878: Pope Pius IX
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti, born 13 May 1792 in Senigallia, then a Papal State.
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| 2 | 1852 | - 12 Feb 1852—9 Apr 1870: Napoleon III
Nephew of Napoleon I; elected as President of the French Republic in 1848, made himself Emperor of the French after a coup d'état. Captured by the German army on September 2, 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the Third Republic.[103]
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| 3 | 1857 | - 4 Mar 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan, US President
(1791–1868)
|
| 4 | 1861 | - 4 Mar 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln, US President
(1809–1865)
|
| 5 | 1865 | - 15 Apr 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson, US President
(1808–1875)
|
| 6 | 1869 | - 4 Mar 1869—4 Mar 1877: Ulysses S. Grant, US President
(1822–1885)
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| 7 | 1877 | - 4 Mar 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes, US President
(1822–1893)
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| 8 | 1878 | - 20 Feb 1878—20 Jul 1903: Pope Leo XIII
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, born 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, then part of the French Empire
|
| 9 | 1881 | - 4 Mar 1881—19 Sep 1881: James A. Garfield, US President
(1831–1881)
- 19 Sep 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur, US President
(1829–1886)
|
| 10 | 1885 | - 1885—1885: 1885 Montreal smallpox epidemic
Over 3,000 deaths reported
- 4 Mar 1885—4 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland, US President
(1837–1908)
|
| 11 | 1889 | - 4 Mar 1889—4 Mar 1893: Benjamin Harrison, US President
(1833–1901)
|
| 12 | 1893 | - 4 Mar 1893—4 Mar 1897: Grover Cleveland, US President
(1837–1908)
|
| 13 | 1897 | - 4 Mar 1897—14 Sep 1901: William McKinley, US President
(1843–1901)
|
| 14 | 1901 | - 14 Sep 1901—4 Mar 1909: Theodore Roosevelt, US President
(1858–1919)
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| 15 | 1903 | - 4 Aug 1903—20 Aug 1914: Pope Pius X
Giuseppe Melchiorre Cardinal Sarto, born 2 June 1835 in Riese, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
|
| 16 | 1909 | - 4 Mar 1909—4 Mar 1913: William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) served as the 27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913 and the tenth chief justice of the United States from 1921 to 1930. He is the only person to have held both offices.
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| 17 | 1913 | - 4 Mar 1913—4 Mar 1921: Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was the only Democrat to serve as president during the Progressive Era when Republicans dominated the presidency and legislative branches. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.
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| 18 | 1914 | - 3 Sep 1914—22 Jan 1922: Pope Benedict XV
Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Cardinal Battista della Chiesa, born 21 November 1854 in Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia
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1860 - 1917 (56 years)
