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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1903 | - 4 Aug 1903—20 Aug 1914: Pope Pius X
Giuseppe Melchiorre Cardinal Sarto, born 2 June 1835 in Riese, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
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| 2 | 1909 | - 4 Mar 1909—4 Mar 1913: William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) served as the 27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913 and the tenth chief justice of the United States from 1921 to 1930. He is the only person to have held both offices.
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| 3 | 1913 | - 4 Mar 1913—4 Mar 1921: Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was the only Democrat to serve as president during the Progressive Era when Republicans dominated the presidency and legislative branches. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.
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| 4 | 1914 | - 3 Sep 1914—22 Jan 1922: Pope Benedict XV
Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Cardinal Battista della Chiesa, born 21 November 1854 in Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia
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| 5 | 1918 | - 1 Mar 1918—1 Apr 1920: Spanish Flu Epidemic
The worldwide Spanish Flu epidemic killed at least 17 million people worldwide.
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| 6 | 1921 | - 4 Mar 1921—2 Aug 1923: Warren G. Harding
Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. A member of the Republican Party, he was one of the most popular sitting U.S. presidents while in office. After his death, a number of scandals were exposed that damaged his reputation
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| 7 | 1922 | - 6 Feb 1922—10 Feb 1939: Pope Pius XI
Ambrogio Damiano Achille Cardinal Ratti, born 31 May 1857 in Desio, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
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| 8 | 1923 | - 2 Aug 1923—4 Mar 1929: Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr. July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the 30th president of the United States, serving from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from Massachusetts, he previously served as the 29th vice president from 1921 to 1923 under President Warren G. Harding, and as the 48th governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1921. Coolidge gained a reputation as a small-government conservative with a taciturn personality and dry sense of humor that earned him the nickname "Silent Cal".
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| 9 | 1927 | - 1927—1927: 1927 Montreal typhoid fever epidemic
Killed 538 residents of Montreal
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| 10 | 1929 | - 4 Mar 1929—4 Mar 1933: Herbert Hoover, US President
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. A wealthy mining engineer before his presidency, Hoover led the wartime Commission for Relief in Belgium and was the director of the U.S. Food Administration, followed by post-war relief of Europe. As a member of the Republican Party, he served as the third United States secretary of commerce from 1921 to 1928 before being elected president in 1928. His presidency was dominated by the Great Depression, and his policies and methods to combat it were seen as lackluster. Amid his unpopularity, he decisively lost reelection to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.
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| 11 | 1933 | - 4 Mar 1933—12 Apr 1945: Franklin D. Roosevelt, US President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served more than two terms. His first two terms were centered on combating the Great Depression, while his third and fourth saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in World War II.
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| 12 | 1939 | - 2 Mar 1939—9 Oct 1958: Pope Pius XII
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Cardinal Pacelli, born 2 March 1876 Rome, Kingdom of Italy
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| 13 | 1945 | - 12 Apr 1945—20 Jan 1953: Harry S. Truman, US President
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. As the 34th vice president in 1945, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt that year. Subsequently, Truman implemented the Marshall Plan in the aftermath of World War II to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established both the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of Soviet communism. A member of the Democratic Party, he proposed numerous New Deal coalition liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the conservative coalition that dominated the United States Congress.
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| 14 | 1953 | - 20 Jan 1953—20 Jan 1961: Dwight D. Eisenhower, US President
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the 34th president of the United States, serving from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe and achieved the five-star rank as General of the Army. Eisenhower planned and supervised two of the most consequential military campaigns of World War II: Operation Torch in the North Africa campaign in 1942–1943 and the invasion of Normandy in 1944.
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