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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1755 | - 1755—1775: Smalpox epidemic
From 1755 to 1775, smallpox struck again. This epidemic even affected the Seven Years' War, derailing captain Vaudreuil's military plans to attack New England. Over 2,500 cases were reported in Québec City in the first two years, with a mortality rate approaching 20% of the city. The smallpox that ravaged the country during this two-year period is considered the worst smallpox epidemic in Canadian history.
Incredibly, smallpox may have been used as a biological weapon against Indigenous people in the 1760s. Correspondence uncovered between Jeffery Amherst, commander in chief of the British forces in North America and one of his colonels, discuss the tactic of giving contaminated blankets to the Indigenous. We don't know for certain that Amherst's directives were followed, but the outrage it caused in recent years was enough to see Amherst's name removed from a Montreal street. It is now called Atateken Street, meaning "brothers and sisters" in the Kanienʼkéha language.
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| 2 | 1769 | - 19 May 1769—22 Sep 1774: Pope Clement XIV
Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv., born in 31 October 1705 Sant'
Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States
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| 3 | 1775 | - 15 Feb 1775—29 Aug 1779: Pope Pius VI
Giovanni Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Antonio Braschi, born 25 December 1717 in Cesena, Papal States
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| 4 | 1789 | - 30 Apr 1789—4 Mar 1797: George Washington, US President
(1732–1799)
John Adams, VP
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| 5 | 1797 | - 4 Mar 1797—4 Mar 1801: John Adams, President, USA
(1735–1826)
Federalist - Thomas Jefferson, vice-president
|
| 6 | 1800 | - 14 Mar 1800—20 Aug 1823: Pope Pius VII
Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B., born 14 August 1742 in Cesena, Papal States
|
| 7 | 1801 | - 4 Mar 1801—4 Mar 1809: Thomas Jefferson, US President
(1743–1826)
Democratic-Republican
Aaron Burr, VP (1801-1804); George Clinton, VP (1804-1809)
|
| 8 | 1809 | - 4 Mar 1809—4 Mar 1817: James Madison, US President
(1751–1836)
|
| 9 | 1817 | - 4 Mar 1817—4 Mar 1825: James Monroe, US President
(1758–1831)
|
| 10 | 1823 | - 28 Sep 1823—10 Feb 1829: Pope Leo XII
Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga, born 22 August 1760 in Genga, Papal States
|
| 11 | 1825 | - 4 Mar 1825—4 Mar 1829: John Quincy Adams, US Prresident
(1767–1848)
|
| 12 | 1829 | - 4 Mar 1829—4 Mar 1837: Andrew Jackson, US President
(1767–1845)
- 31 Mar 1829—30 Nov 1830: Pope Pius VIII
Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni, born on 20 November 1761 in Cingoli, Papal States
|
| 13 | 1831 | - 2 Feb 1831—1 Jun 1846: Pope Gregory XVI
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam., born on 18 September 1765 Belluno, Republic of Venice
|
| 14 | 1837 | - 4 Mar 1837—4 Mar 1841: Martin Van Buren, US President
(1782–1862)
President Van Buren is known for being at the origin of the expression "OK".
|
| 15 | 1841 | - 4 Mar 1841—4 Apr 1841: William Henry Harrison, US President
(1773–1841)
- 4 Apr 1841—4 Mar 1845: John Tyler, US President
(1790–1862)
There was no VP during Tyler's presidency
|
| 16 | 1845 | - 4 Mar 1845—4 Mar 1849: James K. Polk, US President
(1795–1849)
|
| 17 | 1846 | - 16 Jun 1846—7 Feb 1878: Pope Pius IX
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti, born 13 May 1792 in Senigallia, then a Papal State.
|
| 18 | 1847 | - 1847—1848: 1847 North American typhus epidemic
Over 20,000 know victims
|
| 19 | 1849 | - 4 Mar 1849—9 Jul 1850: Zachary Taylor, US President
(1784–1850)
|
| 20 | 1850 | - 9 Jul 1850—4 Mar 1853: Millard Fillmore, US President
(1800–1874)
No VP during Fillmore's presidency
|
| 21 | 1852 | - 12 Feb 1852—9 Apr 1870: Napoleon III
Nephew of Napoleon I; elected as President of the French Republic in 1848, made himself Emperor of the French after a coup d'état. Captured by the German army on September 2, 1870; deposed in absentia following the proclamation of the Third Republic.[103]
|
| 22 | 1853 | - 4 Mar 1853—4 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce, US President
(1804–1869)
|
| 23 | 1857 | - 4 Mar 1857—4 Mar 1861: James Buchanan, US President
(1791–1868)
|
| 24 | 1861 | - 4 Mar 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln, US President
(1809–1865)
|
| 25 | 1865 | - 15 Apr 1865—4 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson, US President
(1808–1875)
|
| 26 | 1869 | - 4 Mar 1869—4 Mar 1877: Ulysses S. Grant, US President
(1822–1885)
|
| 27 | 1877 | - 4 Mar 1877—4 Mar 1881: Rutherford B. Hayes, US President
(1822–1893)
|
| 28 | 1878 | - 20 Feb 1878—20 Jul 1903: Pope Leo XIII
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, born 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, then part of the French Empire
|
| 29 | 1881 | - 4 Mar 1881—19 Sep 1881: James A. Garfield, US President
(1831–1881)
- 19 Sep 1881—4 Mar 1885: Chester A. Arthur, US President
(1829–1886)
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1771 -
